Your life expectancy is the age that you are expected to live to, based on your age now. As you get older, your chances of living to an older age improve.
What you earn on your investment as a percentage of the amount you invested. For example, if you by a house for $300,000, and it makes you $15,000 from rent each year (after all the running costs have been paid), the rate of return on your asset (the house) is 5% ($15,000 is 5% of $300,000).
Glossary: shares
Shares and equities refer to the same thing - a share in the ownership of a company and entitlement to any distributions (eg dividends).